| Ballard, Dau | Warren B., James R. | Characteristics of Gray Wolf, Canis Lupus , den and rendezvous sites in Southcentral Alaska. | 1983 | Canadian Field-Naturalist 97(3):299-302 |
This paper describes external and internal characteristics of wolf den and rendezvous sites in the Nelchina and upper Susitna River Basins of southcentral Alaska, between 1976 - 1981. The complete journal gives detailed information on den sizes, elevation, etc. In general, the authors did not observe the typical characteristics of den and rendezvous sites such as hollow logs, rock caves or dug-out beaver lodges described in other regions. Most sites were located on elevated knolls or hillsides with sandy, frost free soil and mixed semi open stands of spruce, Quaking Aspen and willow with south and/or east exposures favored.