This paper attempts to give perspective on wolf-livestock interactions. It examines two separate wolf-livestock studies: one done in Manitoba's Riding Mountain National Park, and the other in Beltrami Island State Forest of northwest Minnesota. Results suggested that most wolves living near areas where native prey is available do not prey on livestock. Offending animals may be lone wolves or pack members. Capture and removal of wolves seemed to reduce losses at some farms and grazing leases but not at others. This could be accounted for by: (1) proximity and density of wolves to a farm or grazing lease, (2) whether a pack or transient single wolf in involved, and (3) farm or range management practices.

---