"Most damage by bears occurred in apiaries and to sheep and cattle…. In most cases, bear attacks on cattle resulted in single losses (89.8%); the loss of 2 head was much less common and only once were 6 cows killed in 1 attack. On average 4.4 sheep were killed in each flock in 1 case reported from the village Zurawin, Bieszczady Mountains, 21 sheep were killed in a single attack. An average attack on an apiary resulted in 5.6 beehives being destroyed. Damages by bears were recorded between March and December, with a maximum of 30.7% of the cases occurring in September. The lowest average number of beehives destroyed in one attack was in March (1.5) and the highest was in November (9.8)."(374)

"Wolf attacks on livestock were fatal only to sheep; however, 4 unsuccessful attempts to kill cattle were reported. The number of sheep killed by wolves between 1988 and 1992 was 2,306…. During the study, the number of sheep killed ranged between 445 (in 1988) and 517 (in 1989)."(374)

"Within the study area, the average annual number of sheep and cattle raised numbered 370,000 and 524,000 respectively. Thus, losses to wolves and bears were 0.14% of sheep and 0.003% of cattle production numbers. According to the present market values of livestock and beehives the total value of damaged property was about $32,900."(374)

"The whole region was inhabited by =>9,000 red deer, =>27,000 roe deer, and almost 1,700 wild boars, so the percentage of animals removed was considerably higher than for livestock, and ranged between 5.2% of the population for wild boars to 6.0% for red deer."(374)

"The majority of hunters have come to accept losses in deer and wild boar populations caused by wolves because wolf predation is to some extent benefitial (sic) for the quality of the red deer herd by removal of young males in poor physical condition (Bobek et al. 1992b). According to game managers, that may positively influence the average weight of deer antlers, which determine the income from fees paid by foreign hunters that is critical for the management program."(375)