"Wolves and cougars show a strong preference for elk calves while human hunters generally select elk in the three- to nine-year-old range."(3)

"Researchers also noted that wolves tended to kill both adult and juvenile elk in poorer body condition than did cougars."(3)

"Predators overall favored calves 60 percent of the time followed by old animals at 25 percent and one- to nine-year-olds 15 percent."(3)

"Antlered bulls make up a small portion of wolves’ and cougars’ kill."(4)

"Researchers noted that wolf predation seems to be changing elk behavior. Elk herds now tend to encircle their calves when threatened much like musk oxen do, an effect not seen in this area before wolves came back."(4)