"The first application (of LiCl treated baits to study conditioned taste aversion) (Gustavson et al. 1976) was conducted in southeastern Washington. A 12.15-km2 ranch was baited at approximately 1 bait/0.04 km2. Some difficulty was experienced in evaluating sheep losses to coyotes. There was no less than a 40% decrease, and as much as a 62% decrease in sheep lost to coyotes."(57)

"Ideally, applications should be made on at least 20 geographically separate herds found to be equivalent across many parameters such as geography, climate, size of flock, coyote density, and management practice."(57)

"A one-way analysis of variance for ranked data (Winter 1962) indicated that the decrease in sheep lost to coyotes across years was significant"(58)

"Provincial standards suggest the value of sheep at $40/head. At this rate, $53,465 worth of sheep were lost in 1975 compared to a mean of $6,760/per year in the same herds in 1976, 1977, and 1978. This represents a decrease of $46,705/year. In previous years, the province estimated the cost of the 1080 poisoning program at $250 per herd. The province estimated the cost of the taste aversion program at $25-35/herd/year. The overall reduction in cost of predator control would be 86% to 90%/ year."(58)

"In the most conservative terms, the results of this evaluation indicate that LiCl baits and LiCl sheep carcasses placed in sheep flock areas, along with coyote trapping and shooting techniques used as in the past, reliably reduced reported losses to coyotes compared to reported losses when these flock areas are treated with 1080 poison baits along with trapping and hunting techniques."(59)

"We cannot demonstrate that taste aversion conditioning was responsible for changes in reported losses, as opposed to repellent or other possible processes involved in LiCl placement. However, if parsimony is to valued (sic) in scientific activities, the experimental results obtained in laboratory studies with coyotes, wolves, ferrets, red-tailed hawks, and albino rats must also be considered in the interpretation of our field observation."(59)

"[A program using CTA] should consist of a baiting program prior to the introduction of sheep on the range. Baits should have at least 100g ground sheep, 4g of LiCl wrapped and tied in an untreated piece of sheep hide. These baits should be distributed at about 1 bait/0.162 km2 along fence lines, coyote digs in fence lines, gates and coyote run areas. Baits should be replaced when removed by coyotes. Sheep killed by coyotes should be immediately "laced" with LiCl as should stillborn lambs or other sheep losses. If carcasses are not "laced," they should be disposed of to prevent scavenging."(59)