"Keeping a herder with the sheep when they are on the range and bedding the sheep for the night close to the herder’s camp reduces predation (Klebenow et al. 1978)."(325)

"Livestock confined to pastures suffer less predation than those that are on the open range. Enclosing pastures in predator-proof fences reduces predation even further(Linhart 1983; Knowlton et al. 1999)."(325)

"Shed lambing reduces losses to coyote predation, but this practice increases the cost of labor, feed, and shed construction (Wagner 1988)."(325)

"Sheep breeds also differ in size, aggressiveness, alertness, group cohesiveness, dispersal while grazing, and intensity of maternal protection. All of these characteristics influence the vulnerability of a particular breed to coyote predation (Gluesing et al. 1980; Knowlton et al. 1999)."(325)

"Coyote predation was less at farms that removed or bureid sheep carcasses, rather than just leaving them in the pastures or burning them. Sheep losses to predators were greater when lambing occurred during January to March rather than during October to December. Predation was less at farms where sheep were confined at night. Losses to coyotes were much lower in lighted corrals than in corrals without lights, but losses to dogs were somewhat higher. No sheep were lost from corrals in which at least one sheep was wearing a bell."(326: sidebar) (Robel et al. 1981)

"Most sheep and lamb losses to predaotrs occurred in pastures (80% of losses to coyotes and 78% of losses to dogs). Predation rates were higher in large pastures with tall grass and flat terrain. Predation by coyotes was higher in pastures with streams, but predation by dogs was lower."(326: sidebar)

"Predation on livestock is influenced by the landscape surrounding ranches and farms. Robel et al. (1981) reported that sheep farms located near towns had fewer problems with coyotes than rural farms but experienced more problems with dogs. Keeping sheep flocks in areas where there is human activity can also help reduce predation by coyotes (Knowlton et al. 1999)."(334)

"Robel et al. (1981) found that large sheep flocks suffered a smaller percentage of losses to predators than small flocks, even though the number of sheep killed was higher in larger flocks."(337)